A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. The next morning the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire. The aboriginal natives were the primary tenants of this soil ; they subsisted in the woods by fishing and hunting:, and it was illegal for any one to disturb them in the possession of these natural rightsThe jury af- ter having retired for considerably upwards of an hour, returned with a verdict of Guilty of Manslaughter, but recommended the prisoner to mercy, from the peculiar circumstances under which the offence was committed. The men then paint themselves with white stripes on their chests, on their arms, and on their legs from the knee down. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. H e explained that he never felt a hit from a nullah, and only realised he had been struck when he noticed the blood streaming down his [face]. The Australian Museum holds a collection of about 300 Indonesian textiles. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. Hall, that there was great reason to apprehend that the blacks had murdered Henderson at Worrawong, our distant cattle station. In response to the PCWP's application for Aboriginal heritage protection, she appointed an independent anthropologist to prepare a wide-ranging report. Since those times the flying-fox has changed his habits considerably much to the loss of orchardists and those that cultivate fruit. These men were not allowed possession of fire arms. Michael Smiths The Kutthung dialect on a deleted website accessible through, the Wayback Machine, https://goo.gl/twRvRg (KTT). These men were employed as shepherds and whenever they got a chance practised almost unbelievable cruelties on the blacks, but stealing the black women was the most serious in the eyes of the aborigines. The headmen and young fellows who accompany them, are also a little way behind the novices, shouting and making a great noise as they march along. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. When quite young, a ligature was tied about the first joint of her little finger very tightly, and being left there for a considerable time, the top portion mortified and, in time, fell off. On the first night of the arrival of the novices at the kweealbang, some human excrement is given to them as they sit in the camp. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 22 Dec 1905 Page 5 Scraps of Early History. They saw some of it. . By scratches on the bark and other signs not comprehensible to a white person, they would select the forest giant in which the little animal had made his home. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. The men had as theirs the tiny bat that flies about at dusk, and this little winged sprite was re-garded with deep veneration. Wildcard, crossword After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. To the European ear, the Gringai made no real differentiation between d and t, or g and k. Thus the word for a revered spirit being is variously described as Coen, Koin and Goign: all are representations of the same word. They were made to lie prostrate on the ground, and were covered with rugs and blankets, an old man guarding them, waddy in hand, as I had seen many years before. He was buried in the blacks, cemetery in the vicinity of Violet Hill. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Material on this site has different rights, uses, and permissions associated with it. They extended up the Hunter Valley as far as Singleton. When one of these messengers arrives at the camp of the tribe he has been directed to summon, he sits down in sight of the mens quarters, and some of them go over to him, knowing by his manner that he is the bearer of news to their tribe. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). It was there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. These weapons were said to be very effective in a fight. The upper stone was a water- worn basalt pebble flattened on one side only from use: It was used for grinding seeds, including those of the Kurrajong and it is the first I have seen from eastern New South Wales. Many Wonnarua may be uncertain of their heritage and the Elders are keen to help their members trace their family lines. The latter keep marching on, and the keerang follow them till they arrive at a water-hole or running stream, which has previously been agreed upon as a suitable bathing place. to retire to the river he did not notice that a badly wounded man was left on the field, until he saw a Wallamba man rush out of the scrub and kill him with a nullah. When asked by the manager why he did such a thing the Wallamba man said, I finis him, and ran off again and thus ended the battle of Gloucester, which after all appears to have been a battle of words and much abuse, and not much else. The usual heap of earth on which the fire is kept burning was in the centre of this enclosure. [There was] a fight between the Wallamba tribe and a portion of the Kabook (Gloucester, Barrington, Rawdon Vale tribes). Blackfellow!) Before 1788 it covered 90% of the country and comprised about 300 languages. The lads of the tribe were my playfellows. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. white stone to be carried back to the headman who sent him. Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. A few of the old men remain standing near them, armed with spears, to see that the covering is not interfered with. First, the mothers of the boys are set free - then the sisters - and lastly, the other women and children are uncovered. There followed a quiet space for a little time when suddenly the men returned ( with loud triumphal cries, having in their midst the boys they had supposedly sought. I never remember any black starting out on a voyage, however short, without this fire burning. 4.- To sexual intercourse with the whites at a very tender age, excessive venery, syphilis, and intemperance ; the diminution in births is most remarkable 11.- There are three half-caste children and one grown up girl in this district ; the children life with, and after the manner of the aborigines ; the girl referred to resides with a family in the neighbourhood, and is very tractable. . Kiripit (now Rawdon Vale) 26 miles west of Glouces- ter, was then a sheep station, managed by Robert Mackenzie, afterwards Sir Robert. Tho leader, scanning the. This mighty unknown was not in any way associated with such natural phenomena as thunder or light- ning, nor did he seem to have any particular dwelling place. In some parts of the tract of country to which the ceremonies herein described apply, one of the front incisor teeth was formerly extracted during the time the novices were away at the keelaybang, but as this custom is not now enforced anywhere From conversations which I have had with very old black fellows, there appear to be some grounds for supposing that the custom was not universally carried out in the districts referred to. In the Wonnarua dreamtime the Hunter Valley was created by the great spirit, Baime (Byamee). The tribe had no special leader or chief during my memory of them, the older. WNAC focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the wellbeing of its members and managing investments to sustain the . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public). They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. Their attitude towards visiting blacks was also worthy of note. Learn how First Nation communities and artists are using ghost net sculptures as a way to tell traditional stories. The novices are then brought out and placed standing in a row between the camp and the fires, with their eyes cast down. The blacks living in the district that extends from just about where Brookfield now is to the headwaters of the Chichester and the Williams belonged to a tribe known as the Gringai. The upper part of this block, along the line of Barring- ton Street, was very heavily scrubbed, while the portion nearer to Church Street was more open. He is always painted in front view; Dharramalan is drawn in profile. . Removing the scales was, of course, never thought of. One of a small camp of blacks about a quarter of a mile from our house died of some sickness. They had a simple and quick method of their own, that used by their forefathers through centuries of time, one indeed common to savage peoples all over the world, the creating of a spark by the friction of two pieces of wood rubbed together. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. It was then wrapped in sheets of ti-tree secured by cords of string- bark fibre. Explore the world's largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources. 69 0 obj <> endobj Glencore and Mr Perry's corporation have an ongoing partnership, but Mr Perry deniedit created a possible conflict of interest. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. Altitude 5360 feet the highest point between Kosciusko and Mount Lindsay. Nonprofit and free. The map was determined by overlaying an old parish map onto a topographic map. At a small plain a mile west of the present Cobakh Station the Port Stephens men came into conflict with the remaining body of natives, but the fugitives broke and fled north wards to a little flat on the Bowman River. Tra ditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. k ;kR&t*V3+h]XMbTEVKy?,gSl2=>`*K~{~O; CYF/!oS!xoE}Xt7r:qQ {K]P)`gXy92$Z:w8 +bO>RoKvxV *KOV>&oU4W =KUOr-dO?owNg[m5f&^#YKoMMFK.%Xtsv]MuU9gy+,]VZ2hBmS ~;26BBV?AsU7uNbhGkC5x"lvV3=: ;A~=6456v;H>JEl$v+vmK9ox-+/NpC*xj}HQJYvaKv`?6- \ The day after the arrival of the Keeranga-or it may be in a few days time-very early in the morning, perhaps before. In travelling from place to place a fire-stick was always carried, the brand being whirled and twisted so that it would not go out. In the far- off days of the first decade of the nineteenth century, the locality that we know as Dungog was called by its primitive inhabitants Tunkok or Tungog, both of which words mean, in the Awabakal dialect, the place of thinly wooded hills. Robert Syron, The Kabook and Watoo People of the Gringai Barrington River Gloucester, NSW https://goo.gl/MfqAYm (SYR). He escaped the last spear at Cold Water Brush in sight of Underbank and safety. . Whirling the stick with amazing speed its hardened point would emerge from the pith, spilling a fiery dust that dropped on a little heap of soft, fine bark placed to catch it. Some cattle were speared and the rest driven through the wild brushes at the head of the Myall, almost to the foreshores of Port Stephens. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. Gruesome and dark is that partly forgotten tale, justifiable only in the fact that the unfortunate whites concerned were beleaguered and wounded and the poisoned dampers were their last defensive resort. The Australian Museum now has links with Australian South Sea Islanders - ASSI (Port Jackson) - and decades of close links with Vanuatu, signified especially since its 1981 repatriation of the large now-famous Efate Island slit drum given in recognition of 1980 Independence. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. The wattie, however, was deadly in its execution, and there was never any doubt about it when it fell. When green, if the camp needed vegetables for the menu, they were roasted and eaten In that fashion. When within six miles of the station Pumpkin Creek the soldiers refused to proceed further, fearing an ambush. They were covered with pieces of bark and bushes. At a distance of about 7 chains in a north-north-westerly direction from the goonambang, along the top of the ridge, were a few other marked trees, the dharroong on some of which are still distinguishable. The recorded history of the Wonnarua begins in the early nineteenth century when the Europeans settled. It is on record of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the poor blacks by some of these hardened wretches. A hole was dug in easy soil in a well shaded locality, about two-feet deep and circular. Fortunately sickness troubled them but little. Many of those who remained in contact with European settlement died of disease. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. In my days they had progressed beyond the stage when they used the old stone tool, The tomahawk of the early days was a good deal different from the one in common use now. The tubers varied in thickness from an inch to an Inch-and-a-half, and were a few inches in length. With our collection of billions of records, you can piece together your ancestors history and bring their stories to life.. With no knowledge of science to aid them, with only the most primitive ideas of handicraft as white men comprehend it, they could do a vast quantity of very excellent work in a very brief space of time. It is quite true, he added, when it is said that no white man ever saw a bora ceremony. Future of historic Ravensworth Estate sets up showdown between Indigenous groups, coal company, There is an emergency bushfire warning in place for Maintongoonin Victoria. The bushes which had previously been laid round the fire are now thrown upon it. Nature appeared to have safeguarded them In her own Inscrutable fashion against most of the ailments that afflict civilised man but she had not prepared them against the diseases that the white man brought in his train. During the celebration of these rites, a bull-roarer is sounded in the neighbouring forest. The blacks superstitiously avoid mention of their deceased brethren. "We don't have a connection to this homestead or to this area at all," he said. Figure 11: The various tree-markings described. The stranger produced a small pipe from his belt, stooped down to the fire, lit the tobacco with a coal, and took a few puffs. Sometimes the animal imitated is the kangaroo - the men hopping along one after the other. They learned to track the native animals, became wise in the ways of fish and bird, and made a game of life generally. "It offers insights into the contestation between the traditional dwellers and early colonisation, the contestation between master and convict, the contestation between the land, agricultureand industry," she said. The old men who are in the ring with the women, therefore, conduct each mother to her son where he is standing holding the hand of the men on each side of him. The sports of the children were the daily labors of their parents in miniature. Receive the latest news on events, exhibitions, scienceresearch and specialoffers. [Coen] delighted in tormenting and carrying them away when he could get opportunities. A. The belt and four tails or kilts are now put upon each boy, as well as head-bands, and bands across the body. There (were edible roots In the gullies, wild- fruits in the brushes. Moffatt sent me a letter from Major Sullivan complaining of one of the Companys servant[s] (as is supposed) having come to his farm fired at some blacks in a camp close to his house, and taken away one of their [women]. On the north, the Manning for some distance bounded this territory and they occupied the country as far west as the Barrington Tops, which, according to the old residents of the Upper Allyn River, they visited in summer time. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. The honey comb would be pulled out of the hollow limb and thrown down to a couple of mates below who caught it in a wide strip of bark. The Reverend L. E. Threlkeld was sworn interpreter between the Court and the prisoner at the bar. When the last spark of the fire had been extinguished and the last wreath of smoke had eddied into nothingness, the women were uncovered and the Port Stephens blacks, accompanied by the poombits, ran up the nearby trees like so many monkeys and began breaking small branches off the limbs. For weeks and weeks he would labor, fashioning with the crude tools at his command, such things as he believed would bring him the best return in his bartering. The flesh was a delicate white color, and I confess that I tasted it one one occasion only and found it good. It is situated on the right bank of the Manning, a few miles from its source the source of the Manning being on the north-eastern slopes of Polblue. The bush provided the secular climax of the ceremony. The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. One author [anonymous] used a crossed d to denote a td sound. Of basalt (maximum dimensions 13 8 2.25 inches), the stone was flat on both sides, one having been worn smooth by constant rubbing. In the proximity of the new camp, on the side of it nearest the place to which the novices will be taken by the headmen, a piece of tolerably level ground is selected, and cleared of all timber and loose rubbish, and a large fire kindled in the middle of it. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott (National Library of Australia) (SCO), The journal of Charles Boydel (State Library of NSW) (CBJ). The hair on the heads of the inovices is now singed, for the purpose of making the women believe that Goign has had them in the fire during their sojourn in the bush. A relic of those wild old days was Broken-backed Tommy. Tommy had survived the morning of the flight when Bagdells party drove him and his panicstricken comrades over the cliff on Mount Mackenzie, and he narrowly escaped death again when years afterwards, the erstwhile fugitive Green recognised and attacked him in the old Kitchen at Underbank. Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. It Is marvellous what the blacks were able to fashion in the way of weapons and equipment of various kinds. Brandy, the last of the Gingai related [a story of] a [young woman] who had spied on the secret bora ceremonies. The novices are not allowed to leave the camp, but must sit in the shelter all day with their eyes cast down, some of their guardians remaining with them. The body, nicely tied up in bark, was carried to it by friends of the deceased. They were a happy lot, the children, tumbling about with little regard to cleanliness as we knew it, and as healthy as could be. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. There is none left now of the populous tribe that once inhabited the district, and the sole surviving relic, poor, unfortunate Brandy passed to the care of the great spirit, Coen, more than fifteen years ago. In fashioning their canoes the blacks showed a skill and craftsmanship that was surprising, considering that any form of building was to them practically an unknown art. About this fire, and in lines radiating from the centre like spokes of a wheel, were a number of naked blacks, their heads bowed to the earth. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . Their songs consisted mostly of a few lines, repeat- ed over and over again, with a loudly shouted wy-yahng as a re- frain. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 9 May 1922 Page 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1. "This is not to say that a massacre or massacres did not take place," she said. Even the casual white man, uninitiated Into the ways of the chase, could have gleaned a living with little difficulty in that land of milk and honey. Th e nullah nullah was another weapon in the same category as the wattle, but of different shape. YES, there is a family tree template on Word. They were very neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose. The cause of it was Flash Tommy. He collected money from the whites who were watching the performance, and when asked what he was going to do with the money by Long Tommy, a black who worked at Irwins, he said he was going to keep it. 55, of 2,000 acres, in the parish of Lewinsbrook, county of Durham. I further observe that the party who apprehended him and some others were subpoenaed on his trial, and the reward for his apprehension as notified in the Government Gazette of the 15th July 1835 (10) ordered by the Colonial Secretary to be paid to them. The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. Elizabeth and Jack might still conceive . . I happened to have a few emu feathers stuck in the band of my hat as an ornament. % So long as it wa s well warmed in the fire they would eat it with avidity. The mother of each novice, before leaving the kackaroo, picks some small green bushes, which she ties on the top end of her yamstick. Able to fashion in the Wonnarua begins in the wedge tailed eagle, throughout. Then wrapped in sheets of ti-tree secured by cords of string- bark fibre the poor blacks by of... 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Or click an icon to log in: Email ( required ) ( Address never made public ) cords string-!