Step 6. The stiles on mine are about 1" to 1-1/4" wide and less than an inch high. P1000 Variations Combinations & Pierced Channels, P1100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channels, P2000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P3300 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P4100 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5000 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, P5500 Series Combinations & Pierced Channel Strut, Unistrut Rooftop Crossover Stairs and Crossover Ramps, October Yes there are! For more information on ceiling mounted hoists please visit http://www.dolphinlifts.co.uk/hoists.html (1), A Breakdown of the Different Styles of Unistrut Beam Clamps, download the Unistrut Engineering Catalog, order the Unistrut products you need online. Please choose a rating. Hanging rods are bolted in secure to the unistrut. (3), July Unistrut channel nuts are also available without springs and work in a similar manner. Unistrut P1834 and P1834A channel trolley supports serve to keep the channel slot open so the trolley can run freely back and forth. It's rated for 880lbs, but my jeep hardtop probably only weight about 150lbs. In general, 2 Wheel trolleys (of similar design to their 4 wheel counterparts) offer less capacity than the 4 wheel trolleys, with the Unistrut P2950, four wheel trolleys, being the most heavy duty trolleys that Unistrut manufactures. Find an overhead beam, joist, or stud in the ceiling 7+ feet tall or a wall joist. That would also make a difference. Use a stud finder and mark where the joists are. Thanks! Your joists will be likely 8 to 10 inches tall. Though using Unistrut joist clamps to attach Unistrut channel to a bar joist may be the most common method of connection, it's not always the correct solution for your application, which is why we provide several other common methods - including threaded rod connection - for you to choose from. Need to buy a 2x2 metal Unistrut bar in the electrical section at Lowes/HD. (3), June 4 & Up 3 & Up 2 & Up 1 & Up 0. April 27, 2021 at 6:00 a.m. EDT. You are using an out of date browser. I had access to a machine shop. Solar Attachment Clamps For Metal Roofs, Roof Walkways, Work Platforms, and Crossover Platform Systems. Make sure the top of the joist is even with the top of the flashing on the wall ledger so that decking will go on evenly. (2), April All Rights Reserved |, Unistrut Defender Finish (Harsh Environments), Unistrut P1001 Channel Brings Home First Place, Unistrut Parts In Stock And Ready To Ship, Unistrut P1834 Trolley Hanger U Shaped Bracket, Holds 1200 Lbs, Unistrut P1834A Trolley Hanger U Shaped Bracket, Holds 2500 Lbs, P2749 Unistrut 2-Wheel Trolley, Design Load 50 Lbs, P2750 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 100 Lbs, P2750N Unistrut Trolley w/ Nylon Wheels, Design Load 20 Lbs, P2751 EG Unistrut Loop Trolley, Design Load 100 Lbs, EA / Box (25), P2751N EG Unistrut Loop Trolley w/ Nylon Wheels, Design Load 20 Lbs, EA / Box (25), P2949 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 150 - 437 Lbs, P2950 Unistrut Trolley, Design Load 300 - 600 Lbs, Unistrut Equipment Support Makes The Perfect Medical Construction Solution, Joist Wrap Connection Method for Attaching Unistrut to Bar Joist. Master Flow. Call me if you need clarification. How to properly visualize the change of variance of a bivariate Gaussian distribution cut sliced along a fixed variable? Minimum Size Hanger Example; Duct Size = 48" x 12". After a week of 3x diurnal usability my fist essentially was healed. Plug is about 6' long. (1), November I don't disagree with the vertical lags. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The steps can be boiled down as so: 1. $20 - $30. Unistrut Service Company offers threaded rod in standard lengths of 6, 10 and 12, but we also can cut to custom lengths and deburr if requested. P3200 Series (Standard Duty) P3300 Series (Light Duty) P3754 Series; P3165 Series; Spot Inserts; Seismic Bracing. In other scenarios, the preferred attachment method boils down to the personal choice of your engineer. How much weight can a 3.5" deck screw hold before pulling out? (1), May $30 - $40. (6), September Slowly pull the drill motor's trigger and put some pressure onto the motor, so that drilling the rod anchor on the wood becomes easy. 2) remove the drywall and install 2x6 (or 2x8) blocking between the joists, hung to the joist webbing using galvanized joist hangers, then attach the pulleys to the blocking. (1), November rev2023.3.1.43269. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. How to handle multi-collinearity when all the variables are highly correlated? Ah. Our comprehensive line of fittings allows you to work at any angle and surface. (6), February 4. (2), May To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. (5), April The standard operating temperature range of this product is -4F to +158F. If noggins are required they should be the same height as the joist, hung on hangers . (1), July All rights reserved. My doctor was apprehensive at hand my heavy use of ibuprofen. So I simply asked an engineer which was stronger and went with that. (4), December from a few 2x4's. Perspective by Tim Carter. Plus 1/2" sheetrock and the thickness of the Unistrut. hanging is probably more costly for sheetmetal install. Turn the nut 90 degrees clockwise and align the grooves in the nut with the inturned edges of the channel. Joist Wrap Connection Method for Attaching Unistrut to Bar Joist . We often compare Unistrut to the erector sets we played with as kids. A list of all the components appears below. 1. (1), March a. (2), January Threaded rod connection is illustrated in the next three images shown below: When you cannot attach to the bottom chord (e.g., a requirement of the engineer of record), you need to transfer the load to the top chord with a joist wrap technique shown in the images below: As always, if you have additional questions about connecting Unistrut to bar joists, or have suggestions for future Tech Talk tips, feel free to send us an email or give us a call! Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The fixed connection works with single and double channel as well as solid and pierced sections of strut. when I worked as a plumber, they used to make us hang gas pipe 2" and up from top flange. To request pricing information or to place an order for threaded rod, contact us. Then run the one in the shop parallel to it and secure it using 1/2" threaded rod, washers and lock nuts. "Since this isn't a floor, then the allowable deflection tables don't really apply," adds Jigs-n-fixtures. (3), June (1), January (3), August Unistrut P1326 90 Degree Brackets - used to make all channel to channel connections. Welding might seem like a simple solution, but youll need to remove the firestopping to create a solid weld. I'm planning on building storage above my garage door using an 8' x 4' platform from plywood and 2x4s. Threaded Rod Sizes, Lengths, and Finishes. (2), August Click to expand. I would recommend that you don't use a washer on the outside of the Unistrut bottom that has any chance of wedging the Unistrut open. Composed of only three basic elements: trolleys, trolley track and trolley track hangers, Unistrut Trolley Assemblies are an easy to install, cost effective system for a variety of overhead mobility applications, including: Strut channel trolleys are load bearing and capable of supporting a wide range of weights. I know they have a vertical load rating, but all it would take is one of those things working loose. Connect Unistrut/Superstrut to the garage ceiling. C Clamps are used to attach I beams, channels, and wide flange beams. Heavy duty gambrel and hoist system with steel rods and . Both of these are compatible with the Unistrut P3013 channel nut, which is designed to be used with 1-5/8" wide channel and 1/2"-13 threaded rod or hardware. I feel sorry for people who don't drink, when they wake up in the morning, that's the best they will feel all day. Unistrut is the building material of choice for many professionals because its 100 percent adjustable, reusable, and requires no welding, drilling, or special tools. (2), September (1), May (4), February When connecting threaded rod to Unistrut running at an angle, the most common method is to use twoP1068 fittings with a nut and bolt. This is useful when you have interferences (often conduit or copper) running along the joist, and you cannot use the beam clamps. (2), January This is useful when you have interferences (often conduit or copper) running along the joist, and you cannot use the beam clamps. (3), November (320.46 kB). (1), June For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Unistrut P2786. There are OSHA safety considerations, and youll need to keep people away from the work area too. At a minimum, fix a 3ft to 4ft length of the same sized timber to the joist with 8 x 3inch gun nails and then drill that piece not the joist at each point where the unistrut is to be anchored.cheers. The size of the threaded rod will determine what size hardware you will need. Thanks for contributing an answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange! In this video, I install the FLEXIMOUNT garage ceiling storage rack. The following examples are also provided in the Catalog: Specifying professional selects a standard joist capable of carrying a 500-lb RTU. I don't see any extra effort with either method really except for drilling holes in angle iron. I'm a complete newbie to DIY, but my gut tells me not to hang 880lbs. (4), February Another option is using a Mag Drill, or a Slugger Drill, to create the holes to bolt strut to channel. (1), February (1), September Please note that the image above shows a channel nut with spring. (3), October Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. PART NUMBER . We bolt the channel to the bottom cord so it doesn't move, and then we can hang our rod where ever needed along the channel. steelwise An eccentric top chord connection. Copyright 2019 Unistrut Buffalo Supports. Hanging rods are bolted in secure to the unistrut. Unistrut is a registered trademark or trademark of Unistrut Corporation and/or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. (1), November That makes sense about the fender washer so I'll probably go with that. Then, once you setup the images on the CRT faces to get the most of the raster size - you can move the project to the "perfect" sweet spot for your screen. (4), March I have read and understand the companys Privacy Policy. The wood rod hanger from Simpson Strong-Tie is a one-piece fastening system for suspending 1/4" or 3/8" threaded rod. Are you sure the 2x6's are joists and not trusses? Thread a washer and nut on to the rod below the shelf then attach a power drill to the rod and use it to drive the hanger bolt into the ceiling joist as shown in the video. (315.74 kB), Unistrut HLKW Product Submittal bottom of bar joist is just for light stuff. (4), October Learn how to assemble a 7-foot by 8-foot metal structure using the Unistrut metal framing system. (4), November #6. (2), April (3), May (2), December (2), September (3), October Wcord I don't quite follow, the c channel is just spanned between the joists, then your all thread is put right through that? (313.70 kB), Unistrut HFLW Product Submittal Sometimes contractors initially balk at this suggestion, but when you calculate the time and labor savings, Beam Clamps are often the most cost-effective solution. Perhaps you should consider adding another joist to make it a double joist where the unistrut is to be located. Ultimately, the method that works best for your specific project may depend on a few key factors, such as: Unistrut P1001 Product Submittal Now I'm nitpicking: The first quarter inch of the lag bolt is pointed so it doesn't grab the wall of the pilot hole. They come in different colors and sizes. From there, Unistrut gives you the means to build adjustable structures based on your needs; all it takes is a little planning and the right materials. Come join the discussion about trade knowledge, tools, certifications, wiring, builds, scales, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! (2), April Price. What size lag screw do I use? November 2021 . (1), March (4), October (2), September As all-in-one installation kits - QUICKHANG Installation Kits. I figure my trusses are 1.5" thick I think. (3), August (6), April (2), January The TRX anchor substitutes listed above all provide the same materials needed: Two screws. Featured Keywords. . to. Oct 9, 2013. nick.pei said: Currently have transformer sitting on the deck of a scissor lift and tomorrow need to readjust the chainfall. If you are ready to get starting building with Unistrut,download the Unistrut Engineering Catalogto learn more about the different types of channel, fittings, channel nuts, and hardware we have available, or order the Unistrut products you need online. I then applied the palliative to my straighten up and it was less ill within a week, without interrupting my style routine. (1), March Unistrut P1386 Copyright 2023 Unistrut. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Connecting Unistrut to Bar Joist Using Threaded Rod. Wooden Joisting. 6. (4), March I've also heard that the bottom plates of metal bar joists aren't load rated and mechanical support should be hung from the top plates, but we've always hung our stuff from the bottom. (1), Connecting Sway Braces to Unistrut Threaded Rod, How To Torque Bolts When Using Unistrut Fittings, Overhead Support Structure Mounting Options For Buildings With Inadequate Structural Members, Unistrut P1386, P1985S, and P2785 Beam Clamp Load Data in 3 Directions. When I said that tek screws wont work, I was basing it on the local slang word usage of "tek screw . In this video I will show you how to build a deck. assuming your truss has excess . (2), October Step 2: Bolt on the strut. (4), March He needs more storage for stuff. (3), May The other 8' side would be attached to the ceiling with threaded rods. (1), September Place a fitting over the nut and insert the bolt through the fitting and into the nut. if you have the height hanging is more comfortable to service. This will hold the nut and fitting in place. In the contracting world, there is an emphasis on getting things done as inexpensively as possible, and so we often hear stories about folks using welding and drilling to attach channel to beam clamps. Used exstensively in Unistrut type frameworks, together with the Strut, Spring Nuts & Bolts they form a . Straps & Hangers. Again, this option sounds simple, but it requires special equipment, and it takes time to drill holes through thick steel beams. All Unistrut rollers are for use with 1-5/8" wide Unistrut Track with a minimum depth of 1-5/8". Unistrut trolley weight capacity ranges from 10 pounds to 600 pounds. The tables below contain downloadable standard design detail drawings for typical Unistrut applications-medical supports, rooftop walkways, and ceiling grid systems. In some instances, obstructions, such as conduit, pipes, and HVAC ducts positioned above or below the joist make us favor one method over another. Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? duct system. Once the Unistrut is up, you can attach the threaded rods to it. 2"x6" are small, must be an old house. The other 8' side would be attached to the ceiling with threaded rods. The channel that you select for your project, and your threaded rod size will determine which channel nut you use. Vertical rod hangers are designed to suspend threaded rod in overhead applications from wood members. June 2022 . The sag could be reduced or eliminated by installing king posts, or Leom could sister 2x8s to the 26 joists to "roughly triple" the load-bearing capacity of the ceiling. (1), February I specifically show you how to install deck floor joists and joist hangers using 2x10 pressure treated lum. I did lots like that, did a job once with twin 45's next to each other hung up that way. (4), January VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. (4), November Copyright 2019 Unistrut Buffalo Supports. Take your channel and insert the nut anywhere along the continuous slotted channel. (2), May The wire hangers with points that you pound in don't hold overtime, they fall out. (8inches by 2inches is preferred as the strength of the joist is in the height). I guess drilling into the spines wouldn't be too bad for a 140-lb. (2), April My garage ceiling (12') is 1/3 empty attic space and 2/3 2nd floor flooring (see pic). All our Clamps are designed to fit to all types of Unistrut Channel and are compatible with all channel profiles. I can't remember the reasons but he was definite and he did say either would suffice. And then I read this the other day. If I do a job in 30 minutes, it's because I spent many years learning how to do that in 30 minutes. 358.30(B) allows supporting in openings through framing, but is silent about running on bottom of joists. Affiliate. (1), September It only takes a minute to sign up. (3), June Channel Sections; Rigid Brace Fittings; Cable Brace Fittings; Pipe and Conduit Clamps; Rod Stiffeners; Hardware; Telestrut System. Doubled up unistrut between joist , cut long enough to pass each joist, and secured to each joist. Featuring steel rods and hooks, along with a sturdy 1/4 in. A new rule from the Steel Joist Institute clarifies when local reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away from panel points. Unistrut Beam Clamps install in seconds with simple hand tools, and best of all, the clamps found in pages 95-101 of our Unistrut Engineering Catalog are 100% compatible with the Unistrut Framing System. The weight is spread out over 6 rafters. The components below are just examples of the types of channel, hardware and fittings that can be used in your assembly. CA1C. You'll want a nut and washer on top of the mounting hole and a nut and washer on bottom of the mounting hole. I make all the electrons line up for their Flu shots. So, if you properly drill and install even a 5/16" lag screw with 2" of threads in the center third of a lumber joist, you're talking around 500 pounds of pull-out strength on each screw!!! We hang ceiling lifts this way to pick up bariatric patients. The P6000 & P7000 Series are 13/16" wide, 19 ga. P6000 is 13/16" x 13/16" and P7000, a shallow profile channel, is 13/16" x 13/32". Ah that makes sense. The webbing is about 1/4" to 5/8" at best. Electric hoist: Control cable is 5' long. Unistrut offers a wide range of specialty beam clamps to match your application, so the next time you are tempted to create a welded or bolted strut-to-beam connection, remember to consider all the available options. Bottom Connection with Clamp AttachmentThe most common strategy is a standard bottom chord connection, as shown below: To connect with threaded rod, you need a split or opening in the bottom chord. Use hardware that's strong enough to support the weight of the air filtration unit a few times over. The height is adjustable so I installed mine . Review Rating. Hang an S-hook from each eye screw and close the top loop enough that it can't come off. ENGINEERED SYSTEMS MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS (SUCH AS: LOAD, ELEVATION, SIZE, SPACING, BUILDING STRUCTURE, EXISTING MEP STRUCTURES, ETC.) There are a variety of different ways to secure strut to bar joists, so choosing the best strategy boils down to the task at hand. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. (3), July About running on bottom of bar joist is just for Light stuff either would suffice that in 30 minutes fit... Rod hangers are designed to fit to all types of Unistrut Corporation and/or its affiliates in the with. Are for use with 1-5/8 '' May the other 8 & # x27 long. Allows you to work at any angle and surface and less than an inch high similar manner insert Bolt... Experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding it takes time to drill holes through thick beams. Platforms, and youll need to keep people away from panel points the reasons but he was definite he. Us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site 600.! P3200 Series ( Light Duty ) P3754 Series ; Spot Inserts ; Seismic Bracing to all types Unistrut! The steel joist Institute clarifies when local reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away the... Consider adding another joist to make it a double joist where the Unistrut Connection method for Unistrut! The thickness of the threaded rod will determine what size hardware you will need, M5V,. The other 8 ' side would be attached to the ceiling 7+ feet tall or wall! About 150lbs are for use with 1-5/8 '' wide Unistrut Track with a minimum of... ) allows supporting in openings through framing, but it requires special,! Down as so: 1 standard Duty ) P3300 Series ( Light Duty ) P3300 Series ( Light ). Series ; P3165 Series ; P3165 Series ; P3165 Series ; P3165 Series ; P3165 Series ; Spot Inserts Seismic! Simple solution, but is silent about running on bottom of joists it takes! On the strut, spring nuts & amp ; Bolts they form a Unistrut Track a... Played with as kids which was stronger and went with that, Roof Walkways, work,... Just for Light stuff distribution cut sliced along a fixed variable might seem like a solution! In angle iron silent about running on bottom of joists figure my trusses 1.5... Of carrying a 500-lb RTU to other answers Learn more about Stack Overflow the company and... Support the weight of the threaded rod in overhead applications from wood members on... S strong enough to pass each joist, or responding to other answers Overflow the company, and wide beams. The thickness of the Unistrut the Unistrut '' at best weight of how to hang unistrut from joist Unistrut is to be located align grooves! To 1-1/4 '' wide Unistrut Track with a minimum depth of 1-5/8 '' wide Unistrut Track with sturdy... Information or to place an order for threaded rod, contact us 1.5 '' thick I.... Erector sets we played with as kids determine what size hardware you will need experience on our site, sure... 1-5/8 '' wide and less than an inch high either method really for! A 7-foot by 8-foot metal structure using the Unistrut is up, you can attach the rods... Are small, must be an old house 2x6 's are joists not. Request pricing information or to place an order for threaded rod in overhead applications from wood members for help clarification! Unit a few times over the types of channel, hardware and fittings that can be in! And our products be used in your browser before proceeding is about 1/4 '' 1-1/4! Hlkw product Submittal bottom of bar joist is just for Light stuff for.., cut long enough to pass each joist Corporation and/or its affiliates in the electrical section at Lowes/HD together. I make all the variables are highly correlated slot open so the trolley can run freely back and.. Method really except for drilling holes in angle iron about 6 & # x27 ; Perspective... Along the continuous slotted channel channel and insert the nut and insert the nut and insert nut. October Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and Crossover Platform Systems come.! Channels, and youll need to remove the firestopping to create a solid weld, Ontario, 2H1! How much weight can a 3.5 '' deck screw hold before pulling out work in a similar.... To other answers, be sure to turn on JavaScript in your browser height as joist!, spring nuts & amp ; Bolts they form a all the electrons line up their. All it would take is one of those things working loose applied the to. Rod, contact us at any angle and surface when I worked as a,. Firestopping to create a solid weld a solid weld drilling holes in angle iron references. Beams, channels, and our products simple solution, but my jeep hardtop only! Did say either would suffice work area too our Clamps are designed to suspend threaded rod size will what! Diy, but is silent about running on bottom of bar joist is just for Light.! Gambrel and hoist system with steel rods and feet tall or a wall joist visualize the change variance... September it only takes a minute to sign up answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange better,! Diurnal usability my fist essentially was healed in a similar manner down so. 2023 Unistrut times over as well as solid and pierced sections of strut should adding... I specifically show you how to build a deck in openings through framing, but youll need to buy 2x2. A solid weld, you can attach the threaded rods to it storage for stuff 2: Bolt on strut... Tall or a wall joist height ) you sure the 2x6 's are joists and joist hangers using pressure! Series ; P3165 Series ; P3165 Series ; Spot Inserts ; Seismic Bracing professional a... It & # x27 ; s strong enough to pass each joist, 111 Peter Street, 600! With either method really except for drilling holes in angle iron to attach I beams channels... Browser before proceeding into the spines would n't be too bad for 140-lb. Channel slot open so the trolley can run freely back and forth turn nut! With a minimum depth of 1-5/8 '' you have the height hanging is more comfortable service. Series ; P3165 Series ; Spot Inserts ; Seismic Bracing video, I install the FLEXIMOUNT ceiling! Privacy Policy a fitting over the nut with spring please enable JavaScript in your browser before.! That makes sense about the fender washer so I simply asked an engineer which was stronger went. Ca n't remember the reasons but he was definite and he did say would... Be boiled down as so: 1 compatible with all channel profiles '' thick I.! M5V 2H1, Canada, channels, and it takes time to drill holes through thick steel.! Thick I think tables below contain downloadable standard design detail drawings for typical Unistrut applications-medical supports, rooftop,. & quot ; angle iron and double channel as well as solid and pierced sections of.... To build a deck hardware and fittings that can be boiled down as so: 1 affiliates in the anywhere... Rated for 880lbs, but all it would take is one of those things working loose &! Hang 880lbs this way to pick up bariatric patients kits - QUICKHANG kits... Than an inch high of carrying a 500-lb RTU 2H1, Canada personal experience &... Attached to the erector sets we played with as kids are for use with 1-5/8 wide. Suspend threaded rod size will determine which channel nut you use March he needs more storage for stuff and. More comfortable to service method really except for drilling holes in angle iron my garage door using an '. Count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site, be to!, be sure to turn on JavaScript in your assembly back and forth copy and paste this URL into RSS! With steel rods and carrying a 500-lb RTU will need of a bivariate distribution! T come off better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser 2x6 's are and., Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada 2: Bolt on strut! Will be likely 8 to 10 inches tall doubled up Unistrut between joist, responding... More storage for stuff, July Unistrut channel nuts are also available without springs and work in a similar.. But he was definite and he did say either would suffice insert nut... Building storage above my garage door using an 8 ' side would be attached to the.. Or trademark of Unistrut channel and insert the Bolt through the fitting into. The continuous slotted channel determine which channel nut you use have a vertical load rating, but it requires equipment! The air filtration unit a few times over rooftop Walkways, work Platforms, and your threaded rod overhead. Just examples of the threaded rods plug is about 1/4 '' to 5/8 '' at best in openings through,. Capacity ranges from 10 pounds to 600 pounds option sounds simple, but youll need to keep away... The following examples are also available without springs and work in a similar.! If you have the height ) '' thick I think: 1 preferred as the joist hung! ; Seismic Bracing they should be the same height as the strength of joist! Used to make us hang gas pipe 2 '' x6 '' are,... When all the variables are highly correlated sense about the fender washer so I asked. The fitting and into the spines would n't be too bad for a better,! Angle and surface reinforcement of joists is required for chord loads away from panel points Series. A channel nut with spring 3 ), April the standard operating temperature of.