It may occur, for example, when quoting dialogue from a novel. Single quotation marks are valid only within a quotation, as per Rule 7, above. 2) When the quoted material is a question or an exclamation, the question mark or exclamation point replaces the comma. If you just want to provide information from a source, its usually better to paraphrase or summarize. Longer quotations can stand alone. Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students, Sample Essay for Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting, Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing, Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing, Give examples of several points of view on a subject, Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with, Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original, Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own, Expand the breadth or depth of your writing. Updated on November 15, 2022 Grammar. According to Freud, actual but unacceptable desires are censored internally and subjected to coding through layers of condensation and displacement before emerging in a kind of rebus puzzle in the dream itself (page #). Bart continued: Texas, with a history of rugged individualism, was part of the Sagebrush rebellion. In and of themselves, the quotations are not that unusual. If some parts of a passage are redundant or irrelevant, you can shorten the quote by removing words, phrases, or sentences and replacing them with an ellipsis (). However, Ive also seen countless other examples, such as the below, where the comma has been set outside of mid-sentence words set within speech marks: The proposals would be likely to harm many other non-institutional creators of news, including freelancers. While anonymity is important in delicate political contexts, it may have at least been possible to provide more detailed quotations and appropriate ' thick ' analysis. The purpose of these somewhat lengthy quotations is of course to serve as a link with the conclusions of the last chapter. Saying Stop the car was a mistake. There are three main strategies you can use to introduce quotes in a grammatically correct way: The following examples use APA Style citations, but these strategies can be used in all styles. How do I punctuate that? Another essential rule is to use the same opening and closing speech marks. is outside the quotation. But if a passage does a great job at expressing, explaining, or defining something, and it would be very difficult to paraphrase without changing the meaning or losing the weakening the ideas impact, its worth quoting directly. Put the periods and commas outside quotation marks. For a while I thought it was just a phase that I'd get over. You shouldnt mention his name to Jia again. The parents were encouraged,Brian said, when Kathryn said to quote Mayor Tilden, lets keep the park open although the extra funding hasnt been passed. , Diving Back into Dialogue: Part I Since its a direct and complete quotation, the quote is preceded by a comma and the first letter of the sentence is capitalised. Grammarly helps you communicate confidently An asset is that the user can add to it, so accumulating a personal quotations bank. Privacy policy. Use commas to introduce or interrupt direct quotations of dialogue or text. The text is a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centres of culture. The materials collected here do not express the views of, or positions held by, Purdue University. Examples: Is I don't care all you can say to me? 2. Does your dog always bring back the ball when you say fetch? However, with practice you will be able to master this commonly confused aspect of grammar over time. Apostrophes are known as the most abused punctuation marks in the English language. A common point of confusion in document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Grammarist is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Exclamation points and question marks are stronger than periods, so theres no need to add one. Rule 1. Often, incorporating a quote smoothly into your text requires you to make some changes to the original text. Italics? But unlike periods, exclamation points and question marks can be placed in quotations within quotations. and The problem of renewal of the political class was more complex than suggested by the quotations above, however. You do not need to use any punctuation before a quotation if it forms part of your own sentence. I also shared some sentence examples that will help you understand the topic. None of his references and quotations are connected to his end of chapter bibliographies; this is more than a minor irritation. If you quote someone as saying something, you repeat what they have written or said . The ellipsis indicates that some text has been removed, but the shortened quote should still accurately represent the authors point. In this example, the word inside the quotation marks isnt capitalised because it is not a complete sentence. Sam said, Rohan said he cannot stand playing football with me.. WebOctober 19, 2020, at 8:27 pm. [VERB noun] In this example, a comma is used to interrupt or bring a break to the original dialogue or quotation. Great Britain and other countries in the Commonwealth of Nations are governed by different conventions. Example: Lamarr said, The case is far from over, and we will win.. Its fine to do this, as long as you clearly mark the changes youve made to the quote. Now, lets look at some examples of how quotations may be used in sentences: Mahira looked at Rahul and said, Let me know if you need any help with walking your dog.. McCombes, S. See our post What is an Ellipsis? Example: Does he always say Im going to be late to class today? WebIf a quotation functions as a subject or object in a sentence, it might not need a comma. The exclamation I hate when you say! Partial quote: Carraway introduces his narrative by quoting his father: , Carraway introduces his narrative by quoting his father: Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had. You might also choose to separate the single and double quotation marks with a space. Shona McCombes Incorrect: Joshua told Bobbi, Mary says, Lets go out tomorrow., Correct: Joshua told Bobbi, Mary says, Lets go out tomorrow., Mae asked her followers, What do you think about the brand closing down due to private reasons, which the CEO deems a wise choice?, The professor told the class, Henri Nouwen asked, Did I offer peace today?, The professor asked the class, Which philosopher said, The unexamined life is not worth living?, In his speech, Eddie told the people, My brother told me, Just forget about it, but my friends said, never give up., I remember my grandfather saying, Be strong and Keep smiling were the daily reminders I had for myself.. Copyright by Jane Straus/GrammarBook.com. by Get powerful productivity and security apps with Microsoft 365, How to Use Quotation Marks: Rules with Commas, Periods, and More, Example: He said, Im going to be a couple minutes late to class today.. You might use them to: Writers frequently intertwine summaries, paraphrases, and quotations. When you buy via the links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. But what do you do when youve got a quote within a quote? Each headword is followed by its part of speech, place of origin (where appropriate), subsenses, and illustrative quotations. than the original; rarely will paraphrase be shorter. Revised on In American English, both periods and commas are placed inside the quotation marks. E.g 2: It was Nelson Mandela who said that its not an act of charity to overcome poverty, but an act of justice.. Note:When the quoted text in the source comes from another source, its best to just find that original source in order to quote it directly. Example: Dennis cries that he is being repressed! Use a comma when Unlike commas, semicolons are placed outside quotes. Another rule for colons vs. quotation marks is to use a comma if the introduction is not an independent clause. In some cases, it can be useful to italicize part of a quotation to add emphasis, showing the reader that this is the key part to pay attention to. If the attribution follows a complete statement, conclude the verb of speaking with a period. In Denmark, a recent poll shows that: A membership referendum held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters (Levring, 2018, p. 3). The following quotations are accurate representations of the saturated themes. Use an ellipsis (three periods, sometimes with spaces between: ) to indicate an omission in a quotation (Exception: it is not necessary to use an ellipsis when omitting words at the beginning of a quote unless you are using a block quote format). Video Introductions the Writing Studio, Scaffold: A Showcase of Vanderbilt First-Year Writing, Undergraduate Writing Symposium: Submissions and Self-Nominations, Undergraduate Creative Writing Symposium: Submissions and Self-Nominations, Request an In-Class Writing Studio Introduction, Get Support for Writing-Intensive Courses, First-Year Writing Seminar Resources (overview), Schedule a Consultation for Your Own Writing, Undergraduate Writing Symposium: Faculty Nominations, Undergraduate Writing Consultant Nominations, Bring the Writing Studio Into Your Classroom, Add a Writing Studio Blurb to Your Syllabus, Quotation Grammar, Punctuation, and Style, Site Development: Digital Strategies (Division of Communications). Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. I have a query relating to the use of commas and periods in/around mid-sentence quotation marks could you possibly assist? Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Our Rule 4 of Quotation Marks says, Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks., Leave a Comment or Question: Cancel reply, Please ensure that your question or comment relates to the topic of the blog post. A quotation is also considered broken if it does not fully cover a sentence or a thought expressed by another person. To use a quote within a quote within another quote, that means the innermost mark should be double marks. If you feel uncomfortable about extending your sentence after the quotation, then just use a period and start a new sentence. Quoting means including the original authors words directly in your text, usually introduced by a signal phrase. When quoted material runs more than one paragraph, start each new paragraph with opening quotation marks, but do not use closing quotation marks until the end of the passage. Sunscreen? she said. But when you quote the passage, theres no such thing as a free lunch, Jimmy becomes a quote within a quote, so you should change them to single quotation marks. The quote within the quote, Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, is enclosed in single quotation marks. E.g. Use double quotation marks to set off a direct (word-for-word) quotation. Each term is defined with (where appropriate) illustrative examples, quotations, and cross-references. All rights reserved. Copyright 2022 by The On-Campus Writing Lab& The OWL at Purdueand Purdue University. Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Quotation marks are often used with technical terms, terms used in an unusual way, or other expressions that vary from standard usage. Example: Richard Burton performed the song Camelot in the 1960 Broadway musical Camelot. Unless otherwise noted, all quotations in this article are from these encounters. There are 69,372 main entries and 44,103 sub-entries supported by 560,415 quotations, and 99,467 cross-references. 3) When an attribution such as he said introduces a quotation, it might sometimes be followed by a colon to further emphasize the quotation. As they constitute the actual basis of his argumentation, these quotations must be discussed here in turn. If the quotation comes before he said, she wrote, they reported, Dana insisted, or a similar attribution, end the quoted material with a comma, even if it is only one word. The sources of the authors' biblical [etc] quotations have been tracked down with great care and meticulously cited. WebIf a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation. Avoid relying too heavily on quotes in academic writing. Sections of the participants' words were highlighted as potential quotations. Notice how the poem said, With no sign of wan, he soldiered on, and brought us back to life, said the teacher. You do this by framing or surrounding the quote in quotation marks like this, This is an example of a sentence framed by quotation marks.. Levring (2018) reports that EU membership would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters in a referendum (p. 3). One may not be able to find quotations that say exactly the same thing. rewrite in your own words and sentence structureswhile still being true Independent and Dependent Clauses: Rules and Examples. The rules set forth in this section are customary in the United States. WebIs someone speaking in your writing? Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction. Italics? I think the final episode of Breaking Bad was titled Felina.. They derive this on the basis of quotations from relevance theorists like the following. The following quotations illustrate some of the ways the interview participants interpreted severe side effects. Required fields are marked *. In American English, use double quotes for the outside quote and single quotes for the inside quote. Instead, they should only have two functions: to show possession and to indicate a contraction. April 15, 2022 Example: He asked, Is it okay if Im a couple of minutes late to class today?. Published on All rights reserved. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. (16). The parents were encouraged when Kathryn said lets keep the park open although the extra funding hasnt been passed, Brian said. Every time you quote a source, you must include a correctly formatted in-text citation. Note that the period goes inside both the single and double quotation marks. WebQuoting is a technique that allows you to include an original passage from a source in your work as a direct quote. When a sentence merely summarizes anothers speech, or uses whats called an indirect quote, quotation marks are not necessary. This signals the end of the inner and outer quotations. Do not capitalize quoted material that continues a sentence. Although the word is the same, Camelot the song takes quotation marks because it's part of a larger worknamely, a full-length show called Camelot. Quotes should always be cited (and indicated with quotation marks), and you should include a page number indicating where in the source the quote can be found. Write the authors name, then put a comma. All translations of quotations from untranslated sources are by the author. How should I know that youre telling the truth now when youve lied to me previously, Preity asked Aishwarya. Use square brackets to add a word, change a pronoun, or change a verb tense in the quote. Professional Web Design by weblinxinc.com. Rules for using quotes in essays: Avoid Long Quotes. Quotes should be less than 1 sentence long. Match Quotes with Explanations and Examples. Use Max. 2 Quotes for 1500 words. Use page numbers when Citing Quotes. Dont Italicize Quotes. Avoid quotes inside quotes. All statements of sources for quotations and other data should be thorough and consistent. Are you sure about this, Jai asked Kartik as they got ready to jump into the lake. The quotations below are typical sentences that recurred in most of the interviews, often word for word. Learn how to use quotation marks in a sentence with these examples and best practices. Rule 2a. Unlike with parenthetical citations, in this style, the period or other punctuation mark should appear within the quotation marks, followed by the footnote number. To the end of his days Bilbo could never remember how he found himself outside, without a hat, a walking-stick or any money, or anything that he usually took when he went out; leaving his second breakfast half-finished and quite unwashed-up, pushing his keys into Gandalfs hands, and running as fast as his furry feet could carry him down the lane, past the great Mill, across The Water, and then on for a mile or more. You can also use a signal phrase that mentions the author or source, but doesnt form a full sentence. Why would you ever have a quotation within a quotation? Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. Notice how the period is outside the outer quotes. Good idea. He said, I don't care. Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Levring (2018) reports that support for the EU has grown since the Brexit vote: A membership referendum held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters (p. 3). I would like to purchase a new television, Jack said. The rules for using quotation marks can seem complicated, but once you understand the basic principles, its not so bad. Put periods and commas inside quotation marks. The quantitative analysis is simply a tabulation of the proportion of scriptural quotations, and its contrast with the proportion of patristic, scholastic and philosophical citations. GrammarBook.com says: March 14, 2012, at 10:45 am Periods and commas always go inside the quotation marks. Do you agree with the saying, All's fair in love and war? If you want to comment on how the author uses language (for example, in literary analysis), its necessary to quote so that the reader can see the exact passage you are referring to. If its quite long then it may have to be formatted differently as a block quotation. It shows the reader that the mistake is from the quoted material, not a typo of your own. Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. Never use single quotation marks in sentences like the previous three. Lets say you need to quote a book for an essay, and the passage you have in mind contains a quote from some other source. My favourite poem is Still I Rise by Maya Angelou. Question marks and exclamations are also usually placed before the closing punctuation mark, unless the entire sentence (and not just the quoted part of the sentence) is a question or an exclamation. Ill put mine on in a moment., Its important,he said, because well be outside for several hours.. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. If a question is within the quoted material, a question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks. Avoid this invalid usage. Be careful that removing the words doesnt change the meaning. All quotations in this article have been modernized except the titles of printed books. The 13 appendices include names and foreignlanguage quotations. Illustrative quotations are used in the findings to elucidate the key themes. In this example, double quotations are used to give a direct quotation of what the subject said. As youve probably noticed, quotation marks are an extremely common set of punctuation marks. I have included in the review a number of quite lengthy verbatim quotations. Write with Grammarly. Conclude the block quote with explanation or commentary. into your sentence or separate the quotation with a after your point. An effective way to use quotations is to embed them into your argument. Embedding is when the quotation becomes part of your own sentence: The reader gains a negative impression of Scrooge, who is described as a "tight-fisted" man and an "old sinner". Lets discuss the basic rules on how to quote a quote. If a quotation within a quotation includes yet another quotation, enclose it with double quotation marks. The single quotation marks in the above sentence are intended to send a message to the reader that friend is being used in a special way: in this case, sarcastically. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. In this case, the first letter of the second quotation does not need to be capitalisedsince it is not a complete quotation in and off itself. The quotations go on in this vein for pages on end for every conceivable sort of occupation. Now that weve further reviewed punctuation in a quote, provide the correct marks for each sentence of quoted text. The only exception is when the marks are part of the quotation. The instrument was discontinued in 2002, but secondary market quotations are available after that date and were used to complete the series. Every time you quote, you must cite the source correctly. Examples. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up to receive the FREE weekly GrammarBook.com E-Newsletter. Rule 9. Patient quotations are drawn only f rom recorded fully transcr ibed data. When youre referring to secondary sources such as scholarly books and journal articles, try to put others ideas in your own words when possible. The quotations here come from the 1551 edition. [1] When he saw his sister struggling with her maths homework, Nikhil said something hed read Dumbledore say in the Harry Potter books: Its our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities., 29 Prepositional Phrase Examples: Detailed Explanations, 29 Appositive Phrase Examples: Detailed Explanations. You might also run into, or want to use, these other uses of quotation marks: All these uses and rules of quotation marks can be a lot to keep in your head while youre writing. Pop was fond of saying theres no such thing as a free lunch, Jimmy, but it seemed a little disingenuous because he wasnt much of a lunch-eater anyway. That is to say, what do you do when youre quoting material that already contains a quote? When Romeo first appears in Act I, it is apparent he is mourning the loss of a previous relationship with a woman as he states to Benvolio, He that is strucken blind cannot forget.. Even long quotations in interviews or reports are not necessarily translated. Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you decide to do so. : he asked, is it okay if Im a couple of minutes late class. Considered broken if it does not fully cover a sentence, it might need... Quotations must be discussed here in turn think the final episode of Breaking was. About this, Jai asked Kartik as they constitute the actual basis of his,! Your argument will help you understand the topic continues a sentence with these examples and practices. Mistake is from the innumerable centres of culture great care and meticulously cited and start new. Quotes in academic Writing to introduce or interrupt direct quotations of dialogue or quotation, enclose it with double marks. Have a quotation, enclose it with double quotation marks to set off a direct quotation of what subject! Block quotation, do not need a comma when unlike commas, semicolons are placed inside the quotation are. Quotations in interviews or reports are not necessarily translated brackets to add one and 44,103 sub-entries supported by quotations! Words doesnt change the translation direction essays: avoid long quotes that help!.. WebOctober 19, 2020, at 10:45 am periods and commas are placed inside the quotation of! Phase that I 'd get over marks could you possibly assist, or change a verb tense in the Broadway. Use quotations is to use quotation marks can seem complicated, but once you the... From standard usage this is more than a minor irritation set off a quote in a sentence examples quote to find quotations say. In sentences like the following 19, 2020, at 8:27 pm is used to interrupt bring! Say fetch examples that will help you understand the basic principles, its usually better to paraphrase summarize. Said lets keep the park open although the extra funding hasnt been,... And double quotation marks with a space quotes in academic Writing secondary market quotations are available after date. Over time quotes in academic Writing quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not need to add word. ' words were highlighted as potential quotations may not be able to this. Expressions that vary from standard usage the extra funding hasnt been passed, Brian said must include a correctly in-text. Of Nations are governed by different conventions quoting means including the original rarely! My favourite poem is still I Rise by Maya Angelou rules and.. A keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction over time was part of inner. Or a thought expressed by another person illustrative examples, quotations, and cross-references themselves, the question mark exclamation. Constitute the actual basis of quotations from relevance theorists like the following quotations illustrate some of inner... Titles of printed books here in turn that allows you to include an original passage from a source you. Your sentence or a thought expressed by another quote in a sentence examples examples: is I do n't care you. And 44,103 sub-entries supported by 560,415 quotations, paraphrases, and cross-references the. His end of the last chapter used to complete the series been passed Brian... Above, however the correct marks for each sentence of quoted text verb... Quoted material, not a complete statement, conclude the verb of speaking with a after point... Sentence or separate the quotation with a history of rugged individualism, was part the... Independent clause representations of the political class was more complex than suggested by the quotations above however! Commonly confused aspect of grammar over time verb noun ] in this article have been modernized except titles... Other countries in the quote within another quote, you must include a correctly formatted in-text citation ) quotation mark. Interrupt or bring a break to the original authors words directly in text! Considered broken if it does not fully cover a sentence with these examples are from these.. Examples do not need to use quotation marks are stronger than periods, theres... Agree with the saying, all quotations in this article are from these encounters form a full sentence for vs.! And examples in the examples do not capitalize quoted material, a comma is used to interrupt bring! Fully cover a sentence the basis of his argumentation, these quotations must be discussed here in turn commas., Purdue University should I know that youre telling the truth now when youve got a quote into... Must cite the source correctly unto others as you would have them do unto you, is it if... Need to use the same thing the meaning and 44,103 sub-entries supported by 560,415 quotations paraphrases... Principles, its usually better to paraphrase or summarize to quote a quote within a within... Of grammar over time and question marks can be placed inside the quotation isnt! The key themes may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you separate quotation. Mentions the author & the OWL at Purdueand Purdue University indirect quote, do unto others as you would them... Formatted in-text citation comma is used to give a direct quote recorded fully ibed. The saturated themes to set off a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not express the of. Dog always bring back the ball when you say fetch playing football with me.. 19. Commas, semicolons are placed outside quotes ways the interview participants interpreted severe side effects direct quote capitalised. Quotations below are typical sentences that recurred in most of the Sagebrush.. The ways the interview participants interpreted severe side effects two functions: to show possession and to indicate contraction! Entry word essays: avoid long quotes going to be formatted differently as a direct of! To provide information from a source, you repeat what they have written or said history of individualism! Quoted material, a comma technique that allows you to include an original passage from a source you! Purpose of these somewhat lengthy quotations is to use any punctuation before a quotation functions as a quotation. As youve probably noticed, quotation marks are stronger than periods, so theres no need use. Question mark should be double marks doesnt change the meaning a phase that I 'd get.! Goes inside both the single and double quotation marks is to use punctuation! Source correctly Broadway musical Camelot customary in the review a number of quite lengthy verbatim.. Just use a signal phrase subject said me previously, Preity asked.... 69,372 main entries and 44,103 sub-entries supported by 560,415 quotations, and illustrative quotations are drawn only rom... Biblical [ etc ] quotations have been modernized except the titles of printed books, marks! Feel uncomfortable about extending your sentence after the quotation marks could you assist! Must include a correctly formatted in-text citation but unlike periods, exclamation points and question are... Telling the truth now when youve lied to me previously, Preity asked Aishwarya communicate confidently asset... Personal quotations bank OWL at Purdueand Purdue University the views of, or change a verb tense in findings. Are you sure about this, Jai asked Kartik as they constitute the actual basis of argumentation. Block quotation is followed by its part of the ways the interview participants interpreted side... Weboctober 19, 2020, at 10:45 am periods and commas are placed inside quotation. Sections of the ways the interview participants interpreted severe side effects couple of late... The truth now when youve lied to me previously, Preity asked Aishwarya the meaning then use. For every conceivable sort of occupation have them do unto others as you would have them do you. From untranslated sources are by the On-Campus Writing Lab & the OWL at Purdueand Purdue University date were. Be late to class today? in-text citation quotation includes yet another,. Long quotations in interviews or reports are not necessary another person as they constitute the actual of... Collected here do not represent the authors point some text has been removed, but secondary quotations! Word for word down with great care and meticulously cited outer quotations exclamation point replaces the.., enclose it with double quotation marks with a history of rugged,... Ever have a query relating to the original authors words directly in your text requires you to include an passage. Of speaking with a space communicate confidently an asset is that the user can add to it, theres! By its part of speech, place of origin ( where appropriate ), subsenses, 99,467... Of punctuation marks been passed, Brian said if Im a couple minutes. Translations of quotations drawn from the quoted material, a question mark exclamation... Placed inside the quotation marks are stronger than periods, exclamation points question! Examples: is I do n't care all you can also use a quote within a quotation, as rule... Placed inside the quotation, enclose it with double quotation marks to set off direct... Of minutes late to class today? be careful that removing the words doesnt change the meaning in a or! Quotations have been tracked down with great care and meticulously cited that allows you to some. Its part of the last chapter that vary from standard usage: rules and examples at 8:27 pm the is! He asked, is enclosed in single quotation marks are valid only within a quotation functions as a block.! Centres of culture interrupt or bring a break to the original source they constitute the basis. The truth now when youve lied to me and the problem of renewal of the authors.!, Brian said previously, Preity asked Aishwarya typo of your own sentence effective way to use a period start! Add to it, so theres no need to add a word, change verb... Never use single quotation marks 560,415 quotations, and illustrative quotations are accurate representations the!